How Fiber Optics Work

The working principle of Optical Fiber is to transmit information in the form of light waves or photons (Photons). Unlike cables made of copper that transmit data using electricity, Fiber or Fiber Optics uses light signals that have been converted from electricity to transmit data.

Optical fibers transmit data in the form of light particles or photons in the form of digital pulses via optical fiber cable. Cores and cladding in optical fibers each have a different refractive index that deflects incoming light at certain angles. When light signals are sent through fiber optic cables, they bounce Core and Cladding in a series of zig-zag bounces, following a process called Total Internal Reflection.

Please note that the light signal on optical fiber can not move according to the speed of light, this is because the glass layer on the optical fiber is denser. The light signal in this optical fiber can only move about 30% slower than the speed of light. To update and enhance the signal along the way, optical fiber transmissions sometimes require repeaters at certain distance intervals. This repeater is used to convert optical signals in the form of light into electrical signals and then process the electrical signals and transmit them back to optical signals.
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Strengths and Weaknesses of Optical Fiber Cables
Fiber Optic Cable has many advantages and has been widely used for high-speed data transmission. But this optical fiber cable also has weaknesses. The following are some of the advantages and disadvantages of fiber optic cables.

Does the construction of a fiber optic

Does the construction of a fiber optic socket lead to the elimination of the traditional telephone socket?

No, it involves installing a new socket, independent of the sockets in place. The technician cannot modify or delete the existing copper network

The stages of installing optical fiber in a house

Once the eligibility test and the choice of supplier have been made, the future subscriber must subscribe to a fiber offer and set an appointment date for the technicians to come. The fiber installation generally lasts from 2 to 4 hours, depending on the type of installation (above or below ground) and the distance between the connection point closest to the house to the fiber optic socket.

Outside the property, technicians start by opening the room on which the house depends in order to recover the connection point.

• Thanks to a pulling cable, the fiber is pulled into the sheath already used by the telephone cable.
• Generally, the arrival of the sleeves is in the garage, not far from the electric meter. The customer should make sure that this location is accessible to installers and not obstructed by furniture, for example.
• According to the practical or aesthetic considerations of the client and after examining the accommodation, the technicians determine the most suitable route for circulating the fiber to the fiber optic outlet: using one of the sleeves, on the plinths or even through the bulkhead.
• The fiber optic plug is installed and soldered. Its location is important since it will be connected to the box. It is a question of taking into account the layout of the house but also the way in which the client wishes to connect his equipment to the box (Ethernet, WI-FI or line carrier current).
• The installers configure the box and test its flow. If everything is in order, the installation is then complete.

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Case of co-owners, lessors, tenants, trustees

Whatever your situation, you have a "right to fiber"
The installation of fiber in the home is technically identical.

Certain additional steps are however sometimes necessary in collective buildings.

You will find all the answers to the questions that you can ask yourself by consulting the practical guide for the attention of (co) owners, lessors, tenants and trustees for the installation of optical fiber in buildings , edited by ARCEP. .

Please note: For the 5 municipalities deployed by SFR and within the framework of an existing building only, only SFR can be the building operator in charge of internal service works.
This will not prevent you from being able to ultimately subscribe to a subscription from the Internet Service Provider of your choice (provided that this latter actually offers THD fiber offers to the address concerned).

Orange Marine cultivates its cable fiber

Technology: At the head of 15% of the world cable fleet, Orange Marine, a subsidiary of the historic operator, continues to make its mark in the sector of installation and maintenance of submarine cables.

It must be said that the President and CEO of Orange can boast of being at the head of one of the last operators in the world to have his own a subsidiary specially dedicated to the construction of what constitutes today now the nerve centers of digital information: submarine fiber optic cables .

With a turnover estimated according to the registers filed with the RCS at 68.3 million euros in 2017, for a net profit of 1.3 million euros at the end of the same financial year, Orange Marine is essential in Indeed, as a major player in the laying and maintenance sector of these cables, through which 95% of telecommunications now pass, leaving only a small portion to the satellites.

Originally known as the branch dedicated to submarine cables from the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, the company, now headed by Didier Dillard became a 100% subsidiary of the Orange group in 1999. An investment deemed strategic by both incumbent operator only by the French authorities, who see the construction of the submarine cable network as a strategic sector.
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This is confirmed by Jean-Luc Vuillemin, Director of Networks and International Services for Orange. Joined by ZDnet, the latter indeed indicates that “certain countries, such as the United Arab Emirates, Japan or France with Orange Marine have made strategic choices in terms of national sovereignty by keeping maritime operators at home, in order to counter any eventuality in the event of a geopolitical crisis or natural disaster ”.

Types of optical fiber

Optical fiber is classified into different types (multimode or singlemode) depending on how it allows light to move. The type of fiber is closely related to the diameter of the core and the sheath.

Multimode fiber offers several advantages, mainly the lower cost of transmitters and receivers and the simplicity of coupling to them.

However, its relatively high attenuation (optical loss) and its low bandwidth limit the transmission to short distances.

Single-mode fiber benefits from its superior performance in terms of bandwidth and attenuation.

Due to the small size of its core, single mode fiber generally requires more expensive transmitters and alignment systems to achieve efficient coupling.
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However, for high performance systems or those measuring more than a few kilometers, single mode fiber remains the best solution.

Single-mode fiber benefits from its superior

Single-mode fiber benefits from its superior performance in terms of bandwidth and attenuation.

Due to the small size of its core, single mode fiber generally requires more expensive transmitters and alignment systems to achieve efficient coupling. However, for high performance systems or those measuring more than a few kilometers, single mode fiber remains the best solution.

What to test?
To assess the quality of a fiber optic installation, approve its commissioning and guarantee reliable long-term operation of a fiber optic link, it is essential to test it in different ways.

Several factors must be measured, evaluated and controlled:

Inspection of optical connectors
When two optical fibers are coupled, it is crucial to ensure that light passes from one optical fiber to another without loss or excessive backscatter. In the field, however, it is difficult to keep connectors clean and without any scratches.
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A single particle on the center of the optical fiber can cause significant insertion loss, backscattering and even damage to the equipment. The proactive inspection optical connectors is essential to ensure the reliability of connections between two fibers.

Fiber optic recommended with acknowledgment of receipt

1 - Ask the syndic by post (recommended with acknowledgment of receipt) to have the question of fiberizing the building put on the agenda of the next general meeting.  Please note, it is recommended to do this 8 to 10 weeks before the next general meeting.


2 - Inform the operators of your intention to choose a building operator who will be responsible for fiberizing.  To do this, send a letter of intent and the technical file of your condominium.


3 - A presentation of the various proposals will be made at the general meeting and the choice of the building operator will be voted.


4 - Once the work has been carried out in the common areas up to the landing level, simply ask the building operator for the connection to your home.


5 - Finally, if you want to switch to a fiber offer, compare the offers of internet service providers and deal directly with the one you have selected.  If you do not want to change the offer, there is no obligation.
Fiber optic deployment, how does fiber work?
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The deployment of fiber optics today
To connect a housing to the optical fiber, it is necessary to pass by two deployments. The first consists in bringing the optical fiber to a building or an optical connection node, in the case of a house. The second is to deploy the fiber to the housing. These two steps allow you to understand how fiber optics works and how to benefit from it at home.

This training also prepares you for the 2 certification exam

This training also prepares you for the 2 certification exams RFMO Optical Fiber Connection Technician and RFME Optical Fiber Measurement Technician.

This Fiber Optic Technician training is therefore essentially practical and it will allow you to:

Understand the technical concepts of a fiber-optic network
Know the terminology and basic principles of measurement techniques performed on optical networks (dB, dBm, dB / Km, micro-curvatures, etc.)
Acquire the knowledge to be able to connect, control, analyze and interpret the results of measurements on fiber-optic networks
Have a working methodology for installers on preparation, connection, and control
Understand the technical differences between an industrial fiber-optic network (horizontal) and an FTTH network (vertical)
Process the measurements by software with Fibercable by generating professional reports
This training can be financed within the framework of the CPF on MonCompteFormation
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Fiber optics: the basics for installers
General and basic notions on optical fiber
Light explained simply (wavelength, etc.)
The associated transmission principle
Single-mode and multimode
fibers Families of optical fibers
- Multimodes 50/125, 62.5 / 125 (OM1 , OM2, OM3, OM4)
- Monomodes G652, G655, G657
Fiber optic connectors
The different applications (LAN, MAN, WAN, FTTH networks)
Why are we talking about vertical network and horizontal network?
Specifics of FTTH (Fiber To The Home)